Soil transmitted parasites in qualyobia governorate

The study determined the relation between prevalence of intestinal parasites and soil-transmitted parasites among households in Shiblanga representing a rural area of Qualyobia Governorate and Benha City representing an urban area of the same Governorate. The effect of soil's type on the intensity of parasites and to provide guidance on the prevention and control of soil transmitted parasitic infections for future studies in this field. This study was conducted at Benha City and Shiblanga village representing the urban and rural areas of Qualyobia Governorate. Geoparasites were investigated in-doors, around houses, in the fields and the streets from both areas. One hundred soil samples from Benha city and one hundred soil samples from Shiblanga village were collected each hundred soil samples was collected in the form of: 25 samples from the fields, 25 samples in-indoor yards, 25 samples the streets, 25 samples around houses. Approximately 200g soil was collected in plastic bags at 2-10 cm depth from different parts. Stool samples from households in same areas were collected after taken oral consent. All soil samples were screened for parasites using different parasitological methods [Zinc sulphate flotation, ether sedimentation technique, modified Baerman's apparatus and modified Berlese technique]. All stool samples were examined using direct smear, formalinether concentration techniques for detection of helminthes eggs, and modified acid- fast staining for detection of protozoa. The results showed that 86/200 soil samples were contaminated with different parasites, the prevalence rate of 43%. Soil samples from Shiblanga village showed higher level of parasitic contamination [56%] and Benha city showed a lower level of contamination by different parasites [30%]. Soil samples obtained from Manshiet El-Nour district, Benha revealed the highest level of parasitic contamination. While, in Shiblanga, El-Mansheya district revealed the highest level of parasitic contamination. Clay soil was the most type of soil contaminated by helminthes. The 10 houses out of 50 houses had the same parasites in the soil and in stool of their households, 8 houses in Shiblinga village and 2 houses in Benha city

Helobdella nilae and Alboglossiphonia conjugata leeches as biological agents for snails control

The efficacy of leeches, as biological agents, in control of snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis [Bulinus truncatus, Biomphalaria alexandrina] and fascioliasis [Lymnaea natalensis] as well as their effect on the non-target snails Physa acuta, Melanioides tuberculata and Cleopatra bulimoides was evaluated. Two glossiphoniid snail leeches, Helobdella nilae and Alboglossiphonia conjugata were used. They destroyed egg masses and young snails more rapidly than adult ones. H. nilae showed a stronger destructive effect than A. conjugata. In a descending order, it preferred L. natalensis followed by B. truncatus, B. alexandrina, Ph. acuta, M. tuberculata and lastly C. bulimoides. But, A. conjugata preferred L. natalensis followed by B. truncatus, Ph. acuta, M. tuberculata, B. alexandrina and lastly C. bulimoides. The detailed diagnostic morphology and biology of the two leeches were given

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis: reservoir host and insect vector in north Sinai, Egypt

Cutaneous leishmaniasis [ZCL] is a protozoan disease well documented not only in Egypt, but in nearly all the East Mediterranean Countries. Sinai Peninsula was a sparsely populated area where sporadic cases of ZCL were reported with the reconstruction of Sinai and people coming in and out, it was indicated to study the status of ZCL in North Sinai Governorate, the reservoir host[s] and insect vector[s] in Sinai. In the present study, the six species of rodents were trapped from areas or nearby areas where human ZCL cases were detected. Rodents [50] were Mus musculus [10], Rattus r. alexandrinus [18], R. norvegicus [2], Gerbillus gerbillus [4], G. pyramidum [12] and Jaculus jaculus [4]. The rodents were examined clinically for any skin lesion or even nodule, particularly in head and tail. One G. pyramiduim had natural infection with L. major as indicated by smears and culture, but typing was not done. The spot light surveys for Phlebotomus were carried out by the sticky paper traps and the CDC light traps in four main centers; Al Hassanah, Nakhil, Al Arish, and Bir Al-Abd. A total of 1320 sandflies were identified. They were P. papatasi [1150] and P. sergenti [170] in a ratio of 7:1. A total of three isolates of zymodeme London 70 undistinguished from the formerly obtained human and rodent isolates were enzymatically identified in P. papatasi

Enhanced efficacy of praziquantel treatment in mice vaccinated with radiation attenuated cercariae of schistosoma mansoni

Normal and vaccinated mice, 4 weeks previously, with radiation attenuated cercariae of S. mansoni [500/mouse] were challenged with normal cercariae [150/mouse], then treated at 1 week later with praziquantel [400 mg/kg body weight, orally]. Worm burden was determined to calculate the percent of immunity in all groups under study. Histopathological examination of liver, small and large intestine, spleen and lung was done. Serum IgE level was estimated using the immunoradiometric assay [IRMA]. The percent of immunity was highest among vaccinated, infected and treated groups with minimal pathological changes recorded and highest IgE level. From the data collected, it was found that the efficacy of praziquantel treatment was enhanced in vaccinated mice and there was a synergistic effect between drug treatment and vaccination when praziquantel was given at seven days post-infection [challenge]

effect of praziquantel treatment on the liver functions, worm burden, and granuloma size using two drug regimen in murine schistosoma mansoni infection

The effect of single dose of praziquantel [400 mg/kg] or two doses on two consecutive days was studied in mice infected with S. mansoni. With the single dose there was improvement in the serum protein pattern, towards pre-infection values and a transient rise in serum transminases which soon declined to normal Improvement was more evident after using two doses of praziquantel [P < 0.001]. Worms were eradicated by 70%, 77% and 80% after the single dose and by 88%, 92% and 95% after two doses. Granuloma size was reduced by 50%, 54% and 60% after single dose and by 58% and 73% respectively after 10, 20, and 30 days from treatment

Tonsillar toxoplasmosis

One hundred cases suffering from chronic tonsillitis, aged between 4 and 12 years, of both sexes [60 males and 40 females], from Outpatient Clinic of ENT Unit, Banha Faculty of Medicine, were studied. They were examined serologically by indirect hemagglutination-antibody technique [IHAT] for toxoplasmosis. After tonsillectomy, histopathological and electronmicroscopical studies were done. 10% of cases were positive serologically, among males [11.71%] and females [7.5%]. The positivity rate was high among age group 10-12 years than others. Two cases showed histopathological and ultrastructural changes indicating toxoplasmosis

Assessment of IgG and IgM, Eisa and Ifat in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnancies at risk

This study was carried out on 100 pregnant cases divided into 5 groups of patients having congenitally malformed newborns, suffering from stillbirths, premature labours, repeated abortions and control group. The incidence of positive Toxoplasma antibodies was higher in the congenital malformation and stillbirths groups than other groups. Analysis of the results showed that an excellent correlation exists between ELISA and IFAT with a minimal differences [< 5%]